What Does It Mean You Be Bilingual Or Multilingual

What does it mean to be bilingual or multilingual? Discuss the different ways in which multilingualism can be defined, and the educational implications in a particular educational setting. Introduction We define multilingual speakers as having the capacity to identify and communicate using three or more languages. The term bilingualism is used to label a person whom has the ability to interact using two languages; these languages are not always at an equal advancement, skill and communication level between these languages can differ. Researchers have identified that there is a far larger population of multilingual individuals in the world compared to the monolingual, persons only capable of speaking one language, community. It is†¦show more content†¦Multilingualism allows for those capable of it to understand and appreciate different cultures and life styles and encourages open-mindedness, dismisses ignorance and boosts positive social relations. The argument regarding multilingualism’s importance is rife; although there are many benefits from language skills it seems there is a lack of drive to learn another language. â€Å"Since the removal of compulsory language qualifications at Key Stage 4 in England, there has been a steady decline in numbers of students taking a GCSE in a language; the Language Trends Survey (2011) recorded a decline from 78% take up in 2001 to 40% in 2011† (Dr Taylor, 2013, p.4). This figure proves a topic of interest to researchers as it begs the question, if globally multilingualism is widespread and respected why is the law dismissing it? Despite the removal of compulsory languages, since this time, more government plans have been issued to assist in bringing back language learning into an educational setting; the BBC declared that, from September 2014 in England, it was to be compulsory for primary school children aged seven and above to learn another language. It is a fact that the younger you are when you learn a language the earlier you pick it up; making it an obligation for 7+ year

The Enlightenment Period The Age Of Reason - 1332 Words

Age of Awareness The Enlightenment period, also known as The Age of Reason, was a highly intellectual movement of the late seventeenth century and the eighteenth century Europe. This development highlighted reasoning, equality and more of a humanistic approach was taken as opposed to traditional practice. This period was heavily influenced by scientific thought, skepticism and intellectual stimulation. The plan of this era was to reform society and the way it used reasoning as well as oppose long established customs. Most importantly, the objective was to move forward in the field of scientific thought. The period leading up to the Enlightenment was a transformation of understanding. This span of time emphasized reason and logic, assessment and critical thinking over blind faith, superstition and mythology. A new way of rational thinking was set in stone. The concept of the Enlightenment significantly influenced and further developed culture, politics and Western world governments. As people began to think for themselves, major developments in religion, science and philosophy occurred. Before the 1800s most people in Europe were Catholic. These individuals were not allowed to express other religious views or thoughts. Anybody who questioned the established beliefs was arrested or killed. During this time, popes were considered faultless; not a single person could tell them they were faulty. The papacy then underwent numerous attacks by the Protestant reformers such asShow MoreRelatedOverview of The Enlightenment Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesThe Enlightenment was a period of history throughout the mid-decades of the seventeenth century and during the course of the eighteenth century, in which intense revolutions in science, philosophy, society and politics occurred. This part of history was important because it was an enormous departure from the Middle Ages. Seldom before and after this time, did the Church have as much power as it did during the Enlightenment. There were three main eras of the Enlightenment: The Early EnlightenmentRead MoreThe Enlightenment Pa radigm Shift Within The Era1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enlightenment Paradigm Shift The Enlightenment era, between the 1500s and 1800s was a predominately intellectual movement that saw the development of new ideas, major changes in Church-State relations and scientific discoveries that are still fundamental today. Until the Renaissance and Reformation period the Church, from the ancient to medieval ages, had total domination. The Renaissance era set the ball rolling for the Enlightenment with the beginning of scientific inquiry and search forRead MoreKant : The Father Of Enlightenment1071 Words   |  5 PagesEssay 2 Kant: The Father of Enlightenment The 18th Century is referred to as the Age of Reason or Enlightenment as it was during this period that reason and individualism was advocated as a means of power. Science and reason were revolutionizing society by challenging the facts deeply rooted in tradition. This new rational way of thinking used logic to arrive at conclusions. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, was one of the primary figures of this era that cultivated reason and whose works have revolutionizedRead MoreAge Of Reason And The Scientific Revolution1089 Words   |  5 Pages2015 Age of Reason The Age of Reason took place in Europe from the mid 1500s and ended in the late 1700s. This can be categorized into two different time periods. First, was the Scientific Revolution when many scholars created new ways of thinking about the natural world. The Scientific Revolution ended around the late 1600s. Although this time period was over, common ideas spread to the next period. The second time period in the Age of Reason was the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was whenRead More Was The Enlightenment Really The Age of Reason? Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Reason does not work instinctively, but requires trial, practice, and instruction in order to gradually progress from one level of insight to another† Immanuel Kant. Kant’s opinion of reason is that it is a force, which is ever-evolving and constantly building on previous insights. The Enlightenment is a historical period referring to the intellectual movement that swept across Europe in the 18th ce ntury. To tackle this question, I will be looking at two texts. The essays, ‘An Answer to the Question:Read MoreThe Enlightenment Puritanism Essay807 Words   |  4 Pages The Enlightenment period, also known as The Age of Reason, was a period of social, religious, and political revolution throughout the 18th century which changed the thoughts of man during this â€Å"awakening† time. 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Read MoreEnlightenment and Puritans782 Words   |  4 Pages The Enlightenment period, also known as The Age of Reason, was a period of social, religious, and political revolution throughout the 18th century which changed the thoughts of man during this â€Å"awakening† time. It was a liberation of ignorant thoughts, ideas, and actions that had broken away from the ignorant perception of how society was to be kept and obeyed thus giving little room for new ideas about the world. Puritan society found these new ideas of thought to be extremely radical in comparisonRead MoreThe Enlightenment By Thomas Paine And John Locke1709 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Paper: The Enlightenment The eighteenth century embraced the beginning of an opinionated movement for new thinking about once unquestioned truths and actions. This movement, known as the enlightenment was more than a period of advanced ideas, as this unfamiliar way of thinking also lead to a change in the way that people began to operate within society. The ambition was lead by the attempt to break free from the past, overturning old ideas and moving forward. Enlightenment thinkers helpedRead MoreKant s Views On The Enlightenment And Modernity923 Words   |  4 PagesRousseau and I. Kant. Both thinkers agreed that the Enlightenment would change society as they knew it, that it would allow the human being to develop, both individually and socially. I will consider both thinker’s attitudes as regards to the Enlightenment and Modernity, the individual, and finally to the individual’s responsibility in helping humanity progress towards a peaceful international community. The Enlightenment is the social and cultural period that brought about European Modernity, extending

usama Essay Example For Students

usama Essay I had a really hard time finding a topic for this speech, I thought long and hard trying to figure out something I knew that we be of interest to all of you. Finally I decided to give a speech on something that I wanted to learn about too. Before September 11th I, along with most of the country, hadnt heard much about a man named Usama Bin Laden for the past eight months Ive heard his name countless times. I know through the news stories what part he played in the World Trade Center bombing, but I also know that this wasnt his first attack on the United States. I tried to get information from articles written before September 11th as well as articles written after the attacks. Through this speech I would like to share what I have learned about Usama the man, his terrorist activities, and his reasoning behind the attacks. Ill start with some personal information and background on Usama. According to a US government fact sheet He was born around 1955 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He is the youngest son of Muhammad Bin Laden, founder of a Saudi based construction firm heavily involved with the Saudi government. Usama is a multi-millionaire because of inheritance, not by any effort of his own. Usama left Saudi Arabia in 1979 to join the fighting in Afghanistan against the Soviet Union. He co-founded an organization known as the MAK to help funnel fighters and money to the Afghan resistance. The MAK had recruitment centers all over the world including the United States. In 1988 he formed the now infamous al-Qaida which contains many of the more extremist former members of MAK. The goal of al-Qaida in Usamas own words is to unite all Muslims and to establish a government which follows the rules of the Caliphs. The caliphs were the first leaders after the death of the prophet Muhammad, they ruled over the Muslim community as a whole. Because of his anti-government activities he was expelled from Saudi Arabia in 1991. And upon threat of UN sanctions he was expelled from Sudan in 1996. In August of 1996 he declared war on the United States. Now that you know a little about his background Ill move onto the things he has either confessed to or is the main suspect in. Usama has used his families wealth to back terrorist activities all over the world. The most alarming of his previous attacks was the first attack on the World Trade Center in 1993. It is a testament to his dedication to destroying the US. For this attack the terrorists used a 1200 to 1500 lb fertilizer bomb. They were unsuccessful in the first attempt to bring down the towers. In August of 1998 al-Qaida is charged in connection to bombings at us embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. These attacks killed 200 people and injured 4,000 only 12 of the dead were American citizens. According to a US government fact sheet he admitted to attacks on US military personnel in Somalia and Yemen. The October 200 attack on the USS Cole which blasted a 40 foot by 40 foot hole in the side of the ship. Of course we all know about the massive attacks on Sep tember 11th that included the World Trade Center, the pentagon and a third highjacked plane that was crashed after a struggle between highjackers and passengers. It seems that Usama is intent on killing Americans at every opportunity he gets. Now I would like to touch on the reasoning Usama gives for his brutal attacks against the US and our interests. In an article I found on a website called the Atlantic Online he was quoted referring to an American pilot who was killed then stripped naked and dragged through the streets of Mogadishu his statement was It was a pleasure for every Muslim . The main complaint Usama has against the United States is our support of Israel. In a 1999 article in Esquire magazine Usama states The American imposes himself on everyone. Americans accuse our children in Palestine of being terrorists- those children, who have no weapons and have not even reached maturity. At the same time, Americans defend a country, the state of Jews, that has a policy to destroy the future of these children. This is the propaganda used by the al-Qaida to ensure the continued hatred for the United States amongst anti Israeli extremist Muslims. In much of the reading I have done Usama accuses the United States of kil ling Muslim children, even though many of the missions he refers to are missions to deliver humanitarian aid to starving Muslims. .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 , .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 .postImageUrl , .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 , .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041:hover , .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041:visited , .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041:active { border:0!important; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041:active , .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041 .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc4a4c414827dd161432236577882a041:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Electoral College (2055 words) EssayI have given you a look into the life of Usama, his terrorist activities, and some of the reasoning behind his activities. I hope you will go and read what you can to get a better understanding of Usama. I know I am far from finished learning about this topic. One thing I know is that every American will remember where they were when they heard the news of the attacks on September 11th.

The Perversity Of The Congo Essays - Congo Free State, Joseph Conrad

The Perversity Of The Congo In the novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad one of the major themes is the perversity of the Congo. What is good and evil in the European world becomes distorted and hazy in the heart of Africa. To the outside world white is good and black is evil; it is as simple as that. This philosophy is embodied in Marlow's aunt, who believes that his job is to bring light into the land of darkness and to enlighten the savages. This idea, however, becomes corrupted when white objects symbolize suffering and greed instead of good, and light images hide the presence of darkness. Symbols such as, a white rag, white imperialists and ivory, no longer represent the good will of the imperialists, on the other hand they represent the exploitation and chaos that the Europeans have brought to the Congo. The main character Marlow is faced with this confusion as he voyages through the jungle, and he must reevaluate his former opinions, which no longer hold true. The European philosophy is shown through the conversation that Marlow has with his aunt before commencing his adventure. According to her, his job seems clear: to bring civilization and light to the ?heart of darkness.? Instead of focusing on the horrors of imperialism she is disillusioned to believe that it is all for the better. The Europeans, especially the British have no respect for other cultures or other ways of life, and they truly believe that they are helping the Africans. Not by choice but because of the ?white man's burden? they feel the need to ?[wean] those ignorant millions from their horrid ways?(28). To the outside this seems like an earnest motive; however, once inside Marlow begins to see new forms of corruption. Are the imperialists their to help, or are they there to make money to fulfill their greed? He begins to realize that it is not the black savages who represent evil, but rather the selfish whites. This corruption is further shown through the novel with symbols that reveal that perversity of the jungle. None of Marlow's previous beliefs hold true in the Congo and he must reevaluate what is light and what is dark. He is confronted with the distortion of images and confusion at the first station. He sees a group of natives in the shade and immediately compares it to hell. As he states: ?Black shapes crouched, lay, sat between the trees, leaning against the trunks, clinging to the earth, half coming out, half effaced within the dim light, in all the attitudes of pain, abandonment, and despair?(35). He notices one figure in particular, one with a white rag around his neck. Is it the natives who create this feeling of suffering or is it the whites? These people are in the shade because they have nothing to live for anymore. The imperialists have destroyed their way of life and now they are eagerly awaiting death. The corruption is not in the black boy, rather in the white rag. What it symbolizes is not clear. Marlow asks, ?Where did he get it? Was it a badge ? an ornament ? a charm ? a propitiatory act?It looked startling round his black neck, this bit of white thread from beyond the seas?(35). Marlow does not know why exactly the boy is wearing the rag; however, he does know that the Europeans brought it - along with suffering and corruption. Rather than bringing light to the natives, they have brought nothing but pain and chaos. This confusion in appearances is show again with the alternative motives of the whites. They are not humanitarians helping a civilization out of good will. They are there out of greed and corruption. Without the presence of society, the inner core of humans is revealed and what is white on the outside is sometimes black on the inside. This reversal of appearances is displayed in all the imperialists that Marlow comes across. One is the manager at the first station. He gives the allusion of being a gentleman with his European clothing and manners, yet inside he is filled with crookedness. In order to maintain this image he must train a native

5 Netflix Shows for Writers to Binge-Watch

5 Netflix Shows for Writers to Binge-Watch Netflix and chill takes on an entirely new meaning when youre a writer looking for inspiration. With the plethora of shows and topics available for a small fee per month, its now easier than ever for writers to find storytelling inspiration while also achieving down time in the form of media consumption and relaxing to a great series.With this in mind, here are the top shows on Netflix that you simply shouldnt miss if youre a writer. From expert dialogue, to storytelling genius, to character arcs that would even impress Tolstoy, here are five Netflix shows you absolutely must see to perfect your craft.Russian DollRussian Doll, starring Natasha Lyonne.Imagine being a single woman on the night of your 36th birthday but reliving the same night again and again- all in an attempt to make sense of the extraordinarily cynical mess that your life has become. From fatally funny to mournfully sad, Russian Doll takes on a life of its own after the first few episodes of the protagonist returning to the same night in this eight-part Netflix series aimed at exploring mid-life crisis at its finest.This review from NPRs Linda Holmes sums the show up best:A woman whose curly red hair spills past her shoulders stands in front of a bathroom mirror as a party rages outside. She looks at her reflection. People bang on the door to get in. She turns and leaves, through a door with a handgun for a handle, out of the bathroom where the areas of the walls and door glow with blotches of chilly blue light. As she leaves, two women push their way past her into the bathroom, and she moves into the room where the party is. Friends swarm around her. A woman cooking in the kitchen offers her a joint laced with cocaine. Something is wrong. She is a quick-witted New York game designer who seems to smoke in part for the smoking itself, but also in part so she can gesture, in quick little jabs, with her cigarette. And she cant figure out quite whats going on. What was I just doing? she asks her fr iend.Linda Holmes, NPRThe fact that Natasha Lyonne, one of the stars of Netflixs original, Orange is the New Black, leads the cast doesnt hurt the intense effect of the show. The actress is brilliant at playing a lost 30-something party girl coming to terms with her life decisions and future choices. All in all, the show is an amazing dive into deep character study and unique storytelling, and would be a welcome addition to any writers exploration into what makes us human after all. Particularly those of us who think too much.The Walking DeadThe Walking Dead, starring Andrew Lincoln and Norman ReedusDont watch The Walking Dead for the gore. In fact, dont watch the show because of zombies or apocalyptic fiction at all. Simply watch it for the character study in a Lord of the Flies-esque exploration of how society collapses under the pressure of survival of the fittest.Mary McNamara, Los Angeles Times Television Critic, says of the first season:In an early scene we see the emotional t oll the killings can take and in several instances, Grimes and others pay homage to the former humanity of their predators. But still, zombies are clearly not human. Or rather they are the nightmare version of humanity, the fear that our friends and family are not to be trusted because they are capable of turning on us at any time.That same anxiety is played out among the survivors- the suspicion that what civility we have is merely a habit, that any shift in the order of things will reveal the hidden bullies and tyrants, the murderers and rapists and thieves. The Walking Dead, like any good horror tale, still believes in the importance of monsters, perfectly balancing the struggle of basic human decency with those palsied four-in-the-morning moments when we are convinced that everyone around us is trying to eat us alive.Mary McNamara, Los Angeles TimesBlack MirrorBlack Mirror, starring Bryce Dallas Howard and Hannah John-KamenTechno-paranoia, dystopia, suspense- Black Mirrors antho logy-like approach to all were uneasy about in our world is a guaranteed way to turn your mind upside down and inside out. From the darkness inherent in social media to the lives we try to keep hidden despite big brother, Black Mirror explores the darker side of technology and human nature when the two of them combine to create a real sense of madness.In reflecting our decidedly freakish and dark 21st Century existence back to us, Black Mirror, created by Charlie Brooker and executive produced by Brooker and Annabel Jones, is a show that is guaranteed to get any writers mind whirling with possibilities- from dystopia to cyberpunk and all the realms of possibilities in between.Emily Nussbaum, reviewer for The New Yorker writes:Anyone who has skimmed Guy Debords Wikipedia page or watched the American Music Awards could condemn our culture as a masquerade, a spectacle of virtuality. But whats refreshing about Black Mirror is that Brooker goes deeper than that, aiming past the obvious t argets- the know-nothings and narcissists of the Internet. Instead, his villains are the bad-faith cynics, like the reality-TV judge, in one episode, who murmurs, with cagey calculation, Authenticity is in woefully short supply. In Black Mirror, the danger is not complacency, or, at least, not that alone: its letting your outrage turn into contempt, a pose of transgression that is, in the end, more deadly than any desperation to be loved.Emily Nussbaum, The New YorkerMeanwhile, Michelle Orange, writer for Vogue, suggests Black Mirror might be the Twilight Zone of the Digital Age, and writes:Black Mirror [is] pretty tough to watch. Whats caught in its dark reflection might look a lot like you. There are high-handed moments and a schematic quality basic to its project, but overall the show is earnestly and intelligently, imaginatively engaged with its times, which makes it- ironically, given the central indictment of spectatorship- hard to look away. The stories set archetypal human d ilemmas- death, identity, fidelity- within an entirely new context, which is exactly how we are living them. What they reveal of human nature is not new but newly captured. In the future of Black Mirror, technology has set us, which is to say we have set ourselves, a perfect trap.Michelle Orange, VogueThe KillingThe Killing, starring Joel Kinnaman And Mireille Enos.While admittedly, the audience and critic reviews tend to swoon downward as the series progresses, The Killing starts off with a bang thats hard to beat when it comes to police procedural and crime drama action.Critic Troy Patterson from Slate Magazine, who compares The Killing to the infamous Twin Peaks, writes: The prologue practically functions as a schematic diagram of all the police procedurals- with their virtuous investigators and their quasi-necrophiliac tone- that The Killing seems to deconstruct and reassemble on a higher plain.David Bianculli, as heard on NPRs Fresh Air program, again equates The Killing to Twi n Peaks and suggests that it, along with some of the worlds best-known recent crime series, have come from Scandinavian countries, including Girl With the Dragon Tattoo. He also notes:The Killing is intentionally slow, and doesnt provide any of the usual staples of the genre as high-octane relief. No gun battles, no car chases- just cops doing their duty, politicians looking for ways to spin things to their advantage and parents facing their worst fears. Theres one scene, in which the parents are called in to identify the body of their daughter, where their individual reactions are nonverbal, unconnected and emotionally scalding. The husband and wife dont even hold or look at each other. In that awful moment, theyre hit by their own individual grief. Its astoundingly good acting- but, like so much of The Killing, its tough to watch.But it deserves to be seen- and the persistence of these detectives is a little reminiscent of Columbo, where their unassuming, unorthodox approach ends up unearthing certain hidden clues- and, at the same time, getting us to root for them strongly along the way.David Bianculli, NPRs Fresh AirBianculli continues to note that The Killing is AMCs most depressing series yet- and this is from a network that has given us apocalyptic zombies and a terminally ill crystal meth manufacturer.Stranger ThingsStranger Things, starring Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, and Millie Bobby Brown.There cant be a list of binge-worthy Netflix shows for writers without adding my personal favorite, Stranger Things.With the first season set in 1983 in the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana, Stranger Things is a nostalgic trip back to childhood in the 80s, with storytelling that is as taut as it is perfectly executed. Although the cast is large, it becomes hard to pick a favorite, as each character becomes as dearly beloved as ones childhood playmates.Any adult who grew up riding bicycles with friends, exploring the woods, and trembling at night t o spooky stories told beneath blankets will feel a genuine connection with the kids. Any parent who has ever felt helpless as their child experiences trauma will feel instant empathy for the adult characters in the show.Its really difficult to describe Stranger Things to someone who hasnt seen it. There are genuine horror elements inspired by Stephen Kings literary universe, combined with nail-biting chapter installments that make it difficult to NOT binge-watch the show. Combined with a perfectly matched soundtrack and stellar acting, Stranger Things should be on any writers radar- particularly for a lesson on how to craft a story that achieves sympathetic characters, while appealing to the emotions and primal fears of an audience. As reviewer Wenlei Ma notes, Dont just watch it for the nostalgia or the genuine creeps, watch it because its compelling storytelling.

Word Choice All vs. All Of

Word Choice All vs. All Of Word Choice: All vs. All Of For such a short word, â€Å"all† can be complicated. It certainly has many uses! Here, though, we’re looking at one thing in particular: when to use â€Å"all of† rather than â€Å"all† by itself. Make sure you can avoid errors when using these terms by checking out our guide below. When to Use â€Å"All Of† The sense of â€Å"all† that applies here is its use as a determiner (or a predeterminer when it comes before another determiner). This means using â€Å"all† to indicate how much of something we’re discussing. For example, â€Å"all students† means â€Å"every single student,† not just some of them. As a rule of thumb, we use â€Å"all of† when â€Å"all† is a determiner and the next word in the sentence is a pronoun. When this is a personal pronoun (e.g., me, you, us, them) or a relative pronoun (e.g., whom, which), we need to â€Å"of† to make the sentence grammatical. For example: All of you were late to class. âÅ"“ All you were late to class. âÅ"â€" These are my students, all of whom were late. âÅ"“ These are my students, all whom were late. âÅ"â€" With demonstrative pronouns (e.g., this, these, those), the â€Å"of† is optional: All of these students were late. âÅ"“ All these students were late. âÅ"“ We can also include â€Å"of† before a noun phrase that begins with a determiner, such as the definite article (i.e., the) or a possessive pronoun (e.g., my, his, her, your, our, their). For instance: All of the students overslept. âÅ"“ All the students overslept. âÅ"“ Some style guides recommend leaving out â€Å"of† when it is optional. This will make a sentence more concise, but it is ultimately up to you. When to Use â€Å"All† By Itself So when do we need to use â€Å"all† by itself? As mentioned, you can do this when the next word is a pronoun or determiner. But there are situations when adding the â€Å"of† is not an option. These are: When â€Å"all† comes before a noun referring to an entire class of things. When â€Å"all† is used before an uncountable noun without a determiner (i.e., a noun with no plural form without a word like â€Å"the† or â€Å"my† in front). In the case of an plural noun that refers to an entire class, we would write: All cats are lazy. âÅ"“ All of cats are lazy. âÅ"â€" Here, we use â€Å"all† without â€Å"of† because â€Å"cats† refers to every possible feline, not a specific group of cats. And we would do the same if â€Å"all† came before an uncountable noun: All water is wet. âÅ"“ All of water is wet. âÅ"â€" In both cases, the â€Å"of† is not just unnecessary; it is grammatically incorrect. â€Å"All† as a Pronoun We mentioned above that â€Å"all† is always followed by â€Å"of† when the next word is a personal or relative pronoun. This only applies when â€Å"all† is a determiner. You will also see â€Å"all† used as a pronoun meaning â€Å"everyone,† â€Å"everything,† or â€Å"the only thing.† And when â€Å"all† is a pronoun, it can be combined with other pronouns without using â€Å"of†: This letter is for all whom it may concern. âÅ"“ All you need is love. âÅ"“ These sentences are both fine as â€Å"all† is used as a pronoun, not a determiner. Summary: All or All Of? When deciding whether to write â€Å"all† or â€Å"all of,† keep the following in mind: Use all of when the next word is a personal or relative pronoun. You can use either all or all of when the next word in the sentence is either a demonstrative pronoun or a noun phrase that begins with a determiner. Use all by itself when the next word in the sentence is a plural noun that refers to an entire class of things or an uncountable noun. And don’t forget to have your writing proofread! We will check your writing for errors, and we can even offer feedback on grammar and other issues.

MARKETING PLAN FOR SKAGEN DESIGN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

MARKETING PLAN FOR SKAGEN DESIGN - Essay Example Entry Modes for International Marketing 9 Export-based Entry Mode 11 Contractual Entry Modes 11 Foreign Direct Investment 12 Joint Venture as appropriate mode for Skagen Design to enter China 13 Why Joint Venture for Skagen Design? 13 Marketing Objectives of Skagen Design 14 Product Mix 16 Price mix 16 Place mix 16 Promotion Mix 17 STP strategy of Skagen Design 17 Segmentation strategy of Skagen Design 17 Targeting Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Positioning Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Conclusion 18 References 19 Introduction 3 Skagen Design: Company Overview 3 Analysis of Internal and External Environments 5 SWOT analysis 5 Strengths and Opportunities 6 Weaknesses and Threats 6 Market Choice for Skagen Design 7 China and Business opportunities 7 Entry Modes for International Marketing 9 Export-based Entry Mode 11 Contractual Entry Modes 11 Foreign Direct Investment 12 Joint Venture as appropriate mode for Skagen Design to enter China 13 Why Joint Venture for Skagen Design? 13 Marketing Objectives of Skagen Design 14 Product Mix 16 Price mix 16 Place mix 16 Promotion Mix 17 STP strategy of Skagen Design 17 Segmentation strategy of Skagen Design 17 Targeting Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Positioning Strategy of Skagen Design 18 Conclusion 18 References 19 Introduction In today’s competitive business environment, marketers are required to develop certain strategies to help them achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Out of various marketing strategies, going global is one of the most effective strategies as it not only widens the market potential but also help the firm seize more marketing opportunities. A marketer is one who designs and creates benefit or utility that deliver the want or need-satisfying power to the customers (Boone and Kurtz, 2009, p. 5). In a global marketing perspective, marketers are to identify its customers, research in to their requirements and develop products or services accordingly so as to market them globally. This piece of research paper presents an international marketing plan for Skagen Design to help the management team in deciding about the best appropriate entry mode to launch its business in China. The report presents a detailed marketing audit of Skagen Design and investigates marketing objectives an d better marketing strategies for the company in relation to its international marketing plan to China. Skagen Design: Company Overview Skagen design, started as a small business upstart in 1989 in Denmark, has now emerged to be a successful multinational company designing, making and marketing stylish Danish designed watches, sun glasses, jewels and related accessories (Zacks Equity Research, 2012). It’s co-founders Henrik and Charlotte Jorst came to USA to start their own business in 1989 by developing the idea of a business opportunity from the Danish lifestyle and philosophy and started their business by marketing well designed watches and other accessories (Skagen, 2012). This illuminates an example of how effectively a business dream can be converted to reality by exploring newer business opportunities and marketing newer ideas. As Crane (2009, p. 3) noted, a successful entrepreneur starts thinking creatively from finding a hidden marketing opportunity and develops his marketing by identifying customers’ specific requirements and by developing products accordingly. Henrik and Charlotte Jorst developed the business idea based on the marketing potential for supreme quality watches made in Danish spirit, elegant design, skillful craftsmanship, perfect technology and so on. With its mission to create a Skagen Global Community ingrained with a commitment to design impressive and unique products and to offer high valued customer services, the company has long been able to generate a positive zeal among its customers. As of very recent report, Fossil Inc is proposing to purchase Skagen Design for a total value of $236 million including 150,000 shares in Fossil Inc (Zacks Equity Research, 2012). Skagen Design ltd is manufacturing and marketing watches, sun glasses and jewels for both men and women offering its products and services through third party retailers as well as online stores. Apart from administrative offices and manufacturing plants sit uated in Nevada, it operates stores in Tokyo, Nagoya, Japan, Taiwan and markets it products to various countries such as Singapore, Malaysia,